Bilogy DNA Fingerprinting Essay - 1116 Words

DNA Fingerprinting When you were born you were given your own DNA. The genetic information you carry is very similar to your parents. Even though you and your parents have very similar DNA you also have genetic differences, one example is your fingerprint no one but yourself will have your unique fingerprint pattern. Police use what is called DNA Fingerprinting to extensively investigate crime scenes. DNA in/on a crime scene can be found through the process of DNA Fingerprinting. Police collect evidence from the crime scene to take in for testing. When the testing is complete the police know who the criminal is by their fingerprint. DNA Fingerprinting has also proven effective with miss person cases. â€Å"The concept of DNA profiling was†¦show more content†¦Scientists and geneticist call this method the Southern blot in honor of the founder of it; Edward Southern a molecular biologist at Oxford University. There are a total of four steps in order to complete the Southern blot process. â€Å"The first step in completing the Southern blot; is the DNA (genomic or other source) is digested with a restriction enzyme and separated by gel electrophoresis, usually an agarose gel.† Then the DNA is transported to a membrane which is a sheet of blotting paper. The DNA fragments retain the same pattern of separation they had on the gel.† The blot is then incubated (to maintain at a favorable temperature and in other conditions promoting development) with many copies of a probe. The probe will then form base pairs with its complementary DNA sequence. The final step in the Southern blot process is to find the location of the probe which has been incubating with a colorless substrate that the attached enzyme converts to a colored product; this will give off a light which will expose X-ray film. If the probe is labeled with radioactivity, it can expose X-ray film directly (Southern Blot Method). DNA Fingerprinting has improved considerably from when it was first invented. DNA Fingerprinting is however not perfected; the use of it in the courtrooms is still controversial. â€Å"Lawyers who misrepresent the results of DNA fingerprints may confuse jurors† (DNA Fingerprinting). A famous example from the

Computer Hardware Assignment - 3019 Words

COMPUTER HARDWARE HIT 1403. Assignment 1 Bektemir Kassymov Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................3 Hard Disk .....................................................................................................................................5 History of hard disks. ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Technology of recording data on hard disks. ........................................................................................................ 6 RAM (Random-Access Memory)†¦show more content†¦So what constitutes such unique human invention? The first sign by which computers differ is a platform. We can distinguish two major PC platforms: Platform of IBM compatible computers includes a huge range and variety of computers, from simple family computers to very complex and hi-tech servers. It’s t he platform that is usually known by user as a PC. Actually it is not obligatory that best IBM – compatible computers should be manufactured by IBM, this â€Å"blue giant† only created such standard, but now IBM is just one of the many PC manufacturers. Another platform - Apple is represented by respectively not so popular computers Macintosh. They use their own, special software, and their filling is significantly differs from IBM. Typically, IBM-compatible PCs are made up of three parts (blocks): the system unit, monitor (display) keyboard (a device that allows you to enter characters into your computer). Computers are available in a portable form - in the laptop (2-5kg laptop) Here, the system unit, monitor and keyboard are enclosed in one case: if you remove the system block and look inside, you can see all details corresponding to the next PC architecture. However, there are devices that are in any case set on a modern PC. Typical Personal Computer is composed fro m a case and following parts: †¢ Motherboard. 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Torts Tl10005 Principles of Torts Law

Question: Discuss about theTorts Tl10005 Principles of Torts Law. Answer: Introduction: The issue in this case is related with the injuries suffered by Mandy when a bottle of orange juice exploded in her face and she lost an eye. Therefore it needs to be decided if Tamara Natural Juice Limited (TNJL) or Ms. Hooper can be held liable for these injuries. The explosion in the bottle of orange juice took place due to the yeast bacteria in the bottle as during the pasteurisation of the producers, the company heated the products to 75 degrees while the scientists suggest that although such an occurrence was most uncommon but it can be completely eliminated if the fruit juice was heated up to 85 degrees. At the same time, the risk could also be reduced further if instead of using the glass bottles, the manufacturers used plastic containers. But it was difficult to heat the product up to 85 as the production costs will increase significantly and the production will become uneconomic. At the same time, the plastic containers were not easily recycled and were not biodegradable. I t has also been mentioned that most of the other interested manufacturers also used glass containers instead of the plastic containers. Similarly in view of the fact that fermentation was very rare and any costs associated with introducing a change was too high, it was considered as unnecessary and uneconomic. Therefore, under the circumstances reliability of TNJL and Mrs. Hooper needs to be decided regarding the injuries suffered by Mandy. Rule: in order to decide the above-mentioned issue, the rules related with the law negligence out to be analyzed. Under the law, the term negligence means a failure to do what would have been done by any reasonable person under the circumstances (Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Ltd v Coggins and Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd., 1946). In order to establish liability for negligence, the plaintiff is required to have that the respondent had a duty of care. In the past, the law has also provided for the requirement according to which equal, including the companies have to conduct their affairs in accordance with the standard that can be expected from a reasonable person.[1] In this way, in order to recover compensation under negligence, the plaintiff is required to establish that (i) the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff; (ii) such duty of care has been breached by the defendant; and (iii) the personal injury or the damage suffered by the plaintiff was caused by such breach of duty. Under these circumstances, it becomes important to consider what the duty of care is. While deciding if the defendant owed a duty of care, a number of legal principles and policy factors are taken into account by the court (Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd., 2001). Particularly when the situation is new and the relationship has not been an established relationship which includes a duty of care, the court has to consider several factors. Therefore, for this purpose the court has to consider the type of harm suffered by the plaintiff; the control that the defendant had over the situation which resulted in the harm and the vulnerability of the plaintiff to such harm; the nature of relationship that existed between the defendant and the plaintiff as compared to the duty relationships; the moral and ethical considerations and the coherency and consistency of the legal principles.[2] In case of certain easily established relationships a duty of care is present, like the occupiers liability or the motor vehicle liability. In the same way, the manufacturers of products are also considered to have a duty of care towards the ultimate consumers of their goods.[3] However, outside these established relationships, the court has to consider the factors mentioned above for deciding if a duty of care is present or not in a particular relationship.[4] Even when it can be said that a reasonably foreseeable risk is present, it is not necessary that the court will hold that the defendant had a duty of care. For this purpose, the essential considerations include the vulnerability of the plaintiff, the nature of the harm suffered by the plaintiff and if the risk was not insignificant.[5] At the same time, there is also the issue of inconsistency with other duties that are owed by the defendant in case of other relationships. For example the Civil Liability Act contains special provisions regarding the liability of volunteers. For example where a social worker was investigating the allegations made against the father, related with child abuse and the harm suffered by the father's reputation and employment is caused, the court will take into account the duty of the social worker to investigate the allegations and also the duty relationship that exists between the child and the social worker to override reasonable foreseeability of causin g such harm to the plaintiff. However in some other situations, it may not be so easy to decide the liability for the harm. Therefore, several factors have to be considered while deciding if the driver had a duty of care towards a person who was walking on the highway during the night. The next requirement is that there should be a breach of duty of care. In order to establish a breach of this duty, the elements need to be satisfied.[6] The person knew or should have known regarding the risk. This is also known as reasonable foreseeability. The risk should not be insignificant and any reasonable person under similar circumstances would have taken precautions against such a risk. The requirement to which the risk should not be insignificant has been the result of recent civil liability reforms and the introduction of Civil Liability Act. The introduction of this Act has raised the bar that is required from reasonable person before such person is required to act. Therefore under the current position, while the harm should be reasonably foreseeable, at the same time it is also required that the risk should not be insignificant. However the standards have to be decided on the basis of the facts of each case. In the same way, the precautions that will be considered as reasonable by the court will also vary, depending on the circumstances of each case.[7] The considerations that have to be made by reasonable person by deciding the issue of taking precautions against the risk have been mentioned in the Civil Liability Act as follows. The chances that the harm may take place if there is not exercised; the likely seriousness of the harm; the burden of taking the precautions for avoiding such a risk and the potential the benefit of the activity due to which others have been exposed to the risk of harm. The decision given in Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) can be considered while deciding the issue if a person knew or should have known regarding the risk. In this case, the significance of foreseeability of injury or damage to the plaintiff due to the defendant's conduct was mentioned. Under the Civil Liability Act, coalition mentions that negligence should be the necessary condition and such harm should fall within the liability of the defendant. Hence, a connection should be present between the alleged negligence on the part of the defendant and the harm suffered by the plaintiff.[8] However this is a question of fact. Under the common law, the but for test was used to decide the issue of causation and it was seen if 'but for' the actions of the defendant, the harm suffered by the plaintiff would not have taken place. However, the Civil Liability Act provided in this regard that because should be a necessary element of harm. In this regard, the Civil Liability Act asks if foreseeability was apt in the context of the scope of liability of the party in breach to extend to the harm suffered by the plaintiff. According to the Act, the policy issues that may arise have to be considered.[9] Therefore it can be said that the best way is to see if a reason is present due to which the defendant should not be held liable.[10] An example in this regard can be given of the case titled Commonwealth v Verwayen.[11] In this case, the Commonwealth was held to be liable for breach of its duty of care as a ship sank as a result of negligence. It was stated that the Commonwealth was liable for causing the accident but the plaintiff for the liver and lung cancer that was caused as a result of heavy drinking and smoking that started on part of the plaintiff as a result of experiencing the accident. Earlier the courts have discussed it in context of remoteness and proximity. Another factor in this regard is an intervening cause - nova causainterveniens. However, according to the Civil Liability Act, it has to be considered in terms of policy reasons. Will it be inapt to consider one party liable for all the results of the event where there were intervening factors like the own choices of the person.[12] Generally the breach of duty of care is self-evident. However, an additional requirement has been added by the Civil Liability Act according to which the standard that can be used to decide if there has been a breach of duty is that the risk should not be far-fetched or fanciful. Therefore the risk should not be an immaterial risk.[13] It also needs to be considered if any other reasonable person would have taken precautions against such a risk. This can be referred to as carelessness. It can be described as a failure to do what could have been done by any reasonable person under similar circumstances. But in this regard, after the implementation of the Civil Liability Act, the courts consider the factors like cost involved in taking the precautions and the magnitude of the risk.[14] The issue of what could have been done by any reasonable person under the circumstances is a question of fact. Application:In the present case, TNJL uses the pasteurisation process for preserving its fruit juices. For this purpose, each water product is heated up to a temperature of 75 degrees before sealing the bottles. This is a very crucial process in manufacturing as this process prevents the yeast bacteria from entering the fruit juice. If any yeast bacteria has entered and survived and the juice, the juice may be fermented. The gas that has been built up in the bottle during the fermentation process can cause the bottle to explode after some time. But generally it is accepted that this kind of organs is very rare. At the same time, according to the CSIRO report, it has been mentioned that although this occurrence is very rare but it can be completely avoided if the product is heated by the manufacturers to a minimum temperature of 85 degrees. At the same time, the risk can also be reduced significantly if plastic containers are used by the manufacturers instead of glass bottles. But the juice manufacturers have opposed this report on the grounds that if the product is heated to a minimum temperature of 85 degrees, the cost of production will increase significantly as a result of the increase in power charges. As a result, the production will become an economic. At the same time, the fruit juice manufacturers also pointed out that the plastic containers were not biodegradable and could not be recycled easily. As a result they were not environment friendly. They have also pointed out towards the fact that other interstate manufacturers were also using glass bottles. They have stated that the fermentation is very rare and at the same time, the cost regarding the introduction of these changes was too high. As a result, it was unnecessary as well as uneconomic to implement these changes in New South Wales. As mentioned above, along with other factors, the cost related with taking the precautions also needs to be considered. Another relevant fact in this case is that fermentation is a very rare occurrence. Therefore in this case, it can be stated that TNJL or Ms Hooper cannot be held liable for the injury suffered by Mandy. Conclusion: TNJL and Ms. Hooper is not liable for injuries suffered by Mandy. There was no negligence on part of Ms. Hooper. Similarly, TNJL had taken all the precautions that are necessary in this case. Taking other precautions like heating the product of 85 degrees or using plastic containers will involve a significant cost that was not proportionate to the risk present in this case. Bibliography Bailey, S (2006) Public authority liability in negligence: the continued search for coherence 26 Legal Studies 155 Barker, C (2006) Wielding Occams Razor: pruning strategies for economic loss 26 (2) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 289 Case, P (2001) Something old, something new, something borrowed . . . the continued evolution of Bolam 17 Professional Negligence 75 Stapleton, J (1995) Duty of care: peripheral parties and alternative opportunities for deterrence 111 Law Quarterly Review301 Morgan, J (2005) Slowing the expansion of public authority liability 121 Law Quarterly Review 43 Teff, H (1992) Liability for psychiatric illness after Hillsborough 12 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 440 Dias, R W M (1953) The duty problem in negligence Cambridge Law Journal 198 Mitchell, P and Mitchell, C (2005) Negligence liability for pure economic loss 121 Law Quarterly Review 194 Gearty, C (2002) Osman unravels 67 Modern Law Review 87 Harlow, C (2005) Understanding Tort Law , 3rd edn, Chapter 2. Sweet Maxwell Case Law Commonwealth v Verwayen ("Voyager case") [1990] HCA 39 Deatons Pty Ltd v Flew (1949) 79 CLR 370 Donoghue v Stevenson'' [1932] UKHL 100 Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 2 Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Ltd v Coggins and Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd [1946] 2 All ER 345 HL New South Wales v Lepore [2003] HCA 4

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The lords of all things gray and shivery have once more resurfaced with somethingnew for their faithful to feast upon. The Cure has cultivated songs of torturedsouls and broken hearts and made them their classic, signature style. While theirearlier albums often had more of a pop appeal swirled in with their depression,their more recent albums, like Wish, drive directly to your soul and revel inyour shattered dreams. The new record is Show, which was recorded atthe Detroit, Michigan stop of the phenomenal Wish tour. To describe Showsimply, you might say that it is mainly songs from Wish with a few classicshere and there. This, however, is a very shallow description, and is misleadingto your average listener. Show is unbelievable. Since the Cure is arather unconventional band, Show isnt really like most live concertrecordings. There are no drastic remixes or trippy guitar solos, but there isapplause (and rightfully so). We will write a custom essay sample on Show or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also rather pleasant to hear the deep,thickly-accented voice of the brilliant Robert Smith, whose vocal range isincomparable to any other. The album begins with a very mellowinstrumental which suddenly bursts into Open. Among the best of Show are, ofcourse, the classics: Pictures of You, In Between Days, and A Night LikeThis. Other favorites include From the Edge of the Deep Green Sea and thehard-hitting, bass-y album conclusion, End. However, many devoted fans (as I)may feel that there were some empty spots. I recommend this record to allwho are interested in the music of The Cure, but I feel that real devotees mightappreciate this wonderful compilation more. I think that others may feel thatthis is just a Wish rerun. Nevertheless, its a great album, and I remind youto also check out their other live recording, Paris, which was also a Wishtour show and includes THE ABSOLUTE BEST of the Cure.

The Magic Tree House Book Series by Mary Pope Osborne

The Magic Tree House Book Series by Mary Pope Osborne The Magic Tree House series by Mary Pope Osborne has been popular since the first MTH book for young independent readers, Dinosaurs Before Dark, was published in 1992. By August 2012, there were 48 books in the series for independent readers, 6 to 10 or 11 years old, as well as 26 companion research guides (Magic Tree House Fact Tracker nonfiction books) for some of the books in the series. The Adventures of Jack and Annie All of the books in the series center around the time travel adventures of brother and sister Jack and Annie, who live in Frog Creek, Pennsylvania. The two discover a magic tree house in the woods by their house. In books #1 to 28, Jack is 8 years old and Annie is a year younger. Thanks to the book-filled magic tree house whose books have magical properties and whose owner, magical librarian Morgan le Fay provides them with exciting missions, the two have many exciting adventures. Each book focuses on a subject and story designed to pique the interest of young independent readers. The subjects and time periods vary widely, which means that there will most likely be some, or many, of particular interest to your child. The Basics Magic Tree House books #1 to 28 are generally between 65 and 75 pages long and target children 6 to 9. The reading levels are mostly between 2.0 and 2.4. The books are divided into brief chapters, each of which has one or more intriguing illustrations by Sal Murdocca, the illustrator for all of the MTH books. Teachers and parents looking for specific information about a variety of reading level measures for the books, as well as curriculum connections and lessons plans, will find Mary Pope Osbornes Magic Tree House Classroom Adventures Program site a valuable resource. Your children will enjoy the games, activities and fun, all related to books in the series and the subjects they cover, at the Random House Magic Tree House site. While you may want to have your child start with the first book in the series, which introduces Jack and Annie and enables your child to experience time travel via the Magic Tree House for the first time right along with Jack and Annie, its not necessary to read the books in a particular order. A prologue at the beginning of each book provides the necessary background information. However, to provide incentive for kids to keep reading, there is an overarching mission for each four books, but it is still not necessary to read even each of those books in a particular order. To give you an idea of a mission, in books #9 to 12, Jack and Annie have to solve four ancient riddles, one in each of the books, but since each of the books can be read independently, it will be up to young readers (or their teachers) to decide whether or not to read the books in groups of four. The books are available in paperback, library binding, and as audiobooks and eBooks. A full set of books #1 to 28 in the Magic Tree series is also available in paperback. Individual books are also available, as are books in sets of four. Benefits of a Good Series for Young Independent Readers In order for children to learn to be fluent readers, with good comprehension skills, they need to read a lot. When children are relatively new readers, they need to concentrate on decoding each word and comprehending what they are reading without a lot of distractions. It helps if they can find a series they like at a reading level they can comfortably read. Why? Every time they start a new book in the series, they dont have to get used to new main characters, a new story format, a different style of writing or anything else that would distract them from just enjoying the story. Its this enjoyment that will bring them back for more and more stories, which will help them become fluent readers. It also helps a lot to talk about the books with your children. Ask them to tell you about Jack and Annies latest adventure, what it was all about, and what they learned. For kids who prefer nonfiction or who want to know more about the subject of the Magic Tree House book they just read, see if there is a Magic Tree House Fact Tracker nonfiction companion research guide. Book List of Books #1 to 28 in the Magic Tree House Series Note that a CNB (for companion nonfiction book) at the end of each book listing means that there is a Magic Tree House Fact Tracker for that book. Dinosaurs Before Dark, Magic Tree House, Book #1 - CNBThe Knight at Dawn, Magic Tree House, Book Book #2 - CNBMummies in the Morning, Magic Tree House, Book Book #3 - CNBPirates past Noon, Magic Tree House, Book Book #4 - CNBNight of the Ninjas, Magic Tree House, Book #5Afternoon on the Amazon, Magic Tree House, Book #6 - CNBSunset of the Sabertooth, Magic Tree House, Book #7 - CNBMidnight on the Moon, Magic Tree House, Book #8 - CNBDolphins at Daybreak, Magic Tree House, Book #9 - CNBGhost Town at Sundown, Magic Tree House, Book #10Lions at Lunchtime, Magic Tree House, Book #11Polar Bears Past Bedtime, Magic Tree House, Book #12 - CNBVacation Under The Volcano, Magic Tree House, Book #13 - CNBDay of the Dragon King, Magic Tree House, Book #14Viking Ships at Sunrise, Magic Tree House, Book #15Hour of the Olympics, Magic Tree House, Book #16 - CNBTonight on the Titanic, Magic Tree House, Book #17 - CNBBuffalo Before Breakfast, Magic Tree House, Book #18Tigers at Twilight, Magic Tree H ouse, Book #19 Dingoes at Dinnertime, Magic Tree House, Book #20Civil War on Sunday, Magic Tree House, Book #21Revolutionary War on Wednesday, Magic Tree House, Book #22 - CNBTwister on Tuesday, Magic Tree House, Book #23 - CNBEarthquake in the Early Morning, Magic Tree House, Book #24Stage Fright on a Summer Night, Magic Tree House, Book #25Good Morning, Gorillas, Magic Tree House, Book #26Thanksgiving on Thursday, Magic Tree House Book #27 - CNBHigh Tide in Hawaii, Magic Tree House, Book #28 - CNB

Sentence Structure The Basics of Word Order

Sentence Structure The Basics of Word Order Sentence Structure: The Basics of Word Order A grammatical sentence is more than just the sum of its parts. All those parts have to be in the correct order, too. Using an incorrect word order, on the other hand, may lead to errors or a lack of clarity. Thankfully, the basics of word order are easy to remember if you use the initialism â€Å"SVO.† Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) The minimum required for a grammatical sentence is a subject (i.e., the person or thing that is doing or being something) followed by a verb (i.e., the action or state of being). You can see this in the table below: Subject (S) Verb (V) Steve†¦ †¦dances. The sentence above has only two words: the proper noun â€Å"Steve† and the verb â€Å"dances.† This is enough to create a grammatical sentence, but only if we use those words in the order shown. If we were to reverse the word order here, it would not make sense (â€Å"Dances Steve†). Any sentence with a transitive verb will also require a direct object after the verb. This â€Å"object† is the thing being acted upon in the sentence. For example: Subject (S) Verb (V) Object (O) Sally†¦ †¦kicks †¦the ball. In the sentence above, the subject (â€Å"Sally†) acts upon (â€Å"kicks†) the object (â€Å"the ball†). Any order other than subject + verb + object here would be ungrammatical with adding extra words. And as such, this basic word order is often the clearest, most concise option available. Indirect Objects If you’re feeling a little braver about word order now, you might be ready to tackle indirect objects. An indirect object is the thing that receives the direct object in a sentence, such as in the following: Subject Verb Direct Object Preposition Indirect Object Jimmy†¦ †¦gave †¦the present †¦to†¦ †¦his grandad. To break this down a bit, in this case: â€Å"Jimmy† is the subject. The verb is â€Å"gave.† The direct object is â€Å"the present.† And â€Å"his grandad† is the indirect object. As you can see, then, when following a preposition like â€Å"to† or â€Å"for,† we place the indirect object after the object in the sentence. However, if we omit the preposition the sentence, the indirect object would go before the object (making the correct order subject + verb + indirect object + object): Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object Jimmy†¦ †¦gave †¦his grandad †¦the present. This distinction is key, so it’s always worth checking whether your sentence contains a preposition if you’re unsure about the correct word order. Summary: The Basics of Word Order The basic word order in English is captured in the initials SVO: Subject + Verb + Object Each of these plays a specific role in the sentence: Subject (S) – The person or thing that enacts the verb in the sentence. Verb (V) – The action or state of being described. Object (O) – The direct object is the person or thing being acted upon. The minimum required for a grammatical sentence is a subject plus a verb. But any sentence with a transitive verb will have a direct object as well. The word order may be slightly more complicated in a sentence that includes an indirect object (i.e., the recipient of a direct object in a sentence). In this case, the correct word order depends on whether you’re using a preposition. If you are using one, the correct order is: Subject + Verb + Object + Indirect Object If the preposition is omitted, the sentence should be ordered: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Object Finally, don’t forget that proofreading is a great way to ensure that your writing is free from grammatical errors. And our expert editors are always here and ready to help, so why not submit a document today?

Ancient Chinese Contributions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient Chinese Contributions - Essay Example China is the motherhood of various objects that have become an integral part of every house and office. The inventions suggested by ancient China concern every sphere of human life. They are created to make human life more interesting and convenient. Each of the above-mentioned inventions is very significant and useful for the whole world. Moreover, each of them has an interesting and unique history that is worth paying attention to. Every person saw or played with a kite at least once in his/her life. The first kites were applied by Chinese people. It happened approximately two thousand and eight hundred years ago. It is known that this object was created by Chinese philosophers – Mozi and Lu Ban (Backus 2002). It happened in the fifth century BC. However, the usage of kites was not the same as today. They were applied as a message for a rescue mission. Sometimes kites were used by Chinese people for various purposes – measuring distances, signalling, military communic ation, testing the wind and lifting people. Today people resort to the use of compass in order not to be lost at the forest or in any other unknown place. It is a good device to use in order to find out the right direction. However, today a few people know about the initial role of compass. It was created by Chinese people in order to fulfil various religious purposes. ... In fact, it is the father of modern calculators. Before the invention of abacus people had to use fingers and hands. It was not very convenient. So, China gave the world a better way to count various things. This invention appeared about 3000 B.C. (Challen 2005). This device consisted of beads and wood. It was not very difficult to carry or hold abacus. It is applied even today, when there are computers and calculators at all offices. However, it is still rather convenient to use abacus, because it helps to keep track of numbers.

Export Spanish Ham Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Export Spanish Ham - Coursework Example Wheel organization structure entails the procurement and distribution of ready-made products. This involves a comprehensive supply chain system. It is also concerned with functional structure refers to the organization of the functions of an organization into the required number of functions within a particular organization. This structure determined the selection of a functional organization structure because of the efficient utilization of resources associated with this structure. This structure also guarantees career development and advancement because the personnel succeed each other according to their ranks in Authority. Furthermore, this structure is the one that gives an opportunity to the employees to work as a team in order to achieve the overall organizational goals of profit maximization and wealth creation. Traditional divisional structuring leads to horizontal communication within the organization whereas functional structuring has got vertical communication according to the hierarchy existing. Furthermore, there is utilization of human resource in functional structure whereas there is wastage of this resource in divisional organizational structure. This owes to the fact that in divisional structuring, each division has its own personnel in the field of accounting, human resource, marketing, manufacturing and purchasing hence duplication of effort. Matric organizational structure is the best structure because it employs both functional and divisional techniques and designs. However, reporting to the seniors is a problem because authority has been fully delegated to the heads of every division, unlike in the functional and divisional organizational structures. Moreover, there is continuous competition between line managers and the personnel in matrix structure unlike the case in functional and divisional organizational structures. Matrix-based organizational

Discussion About Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

Discussion About Genetically Modified Foods Essay Genetically modified foods: Beneficial views Adverse views a. What is the possible risk for genetically modified crops considering nutrition and health? b. Whether the economic effects are the most important? c. Will it bring severe environment problems? III. Arguments for beneficial effects of GM foods a. Firstly, transgenic technology has made considerable progress in food applications. b. Transgenic food has successfully lowered food prices and ensured food safety. c. GM foods significantly reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. Introduction The author, Magana-Gomez, critically analyzed the risk assessment methods of transgenic food for human nutrition and health in the paper, â€Å"Risk assessment of genetically modified crops for nutrition and health†. Magana reviewed various modes including different feeding period, animal modes and parameters in the paper published in 2011 by Nutrition Reviews (Magana G, 2009). In consistent with his studies, negative effects of GM food were identified â€Å"at molecular and microscopic levels†. However, with our entry into the 21st century, genetically modified foods have undergone even faster development. However, there are also many doubts about the safety of genetically modified foods. Therefore, genetically modified foods have become a hot topic issue. Personally, although there are many controversies about GM food, I still insist on the research and promotion of transgenic food due to its diverse benefits. Views According to Curieux-Belfond CL, he could identify the factors that deserve consideration before â€Å"commercialization and promotion of transgenic food† (182). In this paper, â€Å"Factors to condider before production and commercialization of aquatic genetically modified organisms: the case of transgenic salmon†, the author took transgenic salmon as an example, in which Curieux-Belfond examined the corresponding impacts in terms of aquaculture, wildlife, ecosystem and human health. The paper published in 2011 by Evironmental Science Policy suggested that GM food undoubtedly contributed to economic benefits without exerting too much extra burden (Curieux B, 2009). In the end, the author believed that the benefits of genetically modified foods far outweigh the disadvantages. Analysis of the benefits of genetically modified foods Magana’s argument is persuasive when he assessed the risks about GM food. However, since genetic engineering techniques have successfully transferred anti-viral, insect resistance, cold resistance and other genes to cotton, wheat, tomatoes and other plants, we can get stable new varieties of genetically modified, with low production cost and high-yield food, which will ease the world food shortage and reduce the use of pesticides to a large extent. Based on the above reasons, I will provide a critical analysis with the following specific examples which show his argument is partially wrong. Firstly, transgenic technology has also made considerable progress in animal food applications. At present, a variety of mammal and bird genes are successfully integrated into the genome of fish, which can significantly enhance transgenic fish muscle protein content and improve growth speed. With the development of genetic engineering technology, people have been freed from natural enzymes to a large extent. Especially when the enzyme obtained from natural protein material encounters difficulties, genetic engineering has the unique advantages of natural gene cloning (Seralini GE, 2011). Thus, it can be highly expressed in microorganisms with mass production by fermentation. At present, the transgenic enzymes are widely used in the food industry, such as maltose enzymes amylase, pectinase and the juice protease. The food nutritional quality modified by genetic engineering has also made remarkable achievements. For instance, the genetic engineering technology has been applied for seed protein improvement, which renders it possible to change the plant composition and amino acid content. Secondly, transgenic food has successfully lowered food prices and ensured food safety, which helps increase production and food supply while reducing the farm labor and pesticide applications, agricultural inputs and production costs (Weasel LH, 2009). In the future, GM crops have great potential in solving the food crisis. For instance, by applying transgenic technology to the human staple foods of rice and wheat, people can increase food production and improve nutritional quality, which will provide mankind with higher-quality food. Furthermore, GM foods have also proved effective in alleviating poverty and hunger. The world’s poorest 50% of the population are small and resource-poor farmers, while 20% living in rural areas without their own land actually depend on agriculture. Therefore, the increase in small-scale and resource-poor farmers’ income will directly assist 70% of the world’s poorest people (Curieux-Belfond O, 2009). So far, genetically modified cotton in India, China and South Africa have already made a significant contribution to more than 1. 2 million poor farmers’ income. The benefits of genetically modified corn in the Philippines and South Africa will be much clearer in the future. In addition, genetically modified rice has great potential to benefit 250 million poor families in Asia, whose benefits will reach 10 million people (Curieux-Belfond O, 2009). Transgenic food also helps to reduce land development. Transgenic technology has been developed to improve the current 1. billion hectares of arable land productivity through conservation of biological resources, thereby reducing land development and deforestation. Thirdly, I will demonstrate such improvement since they significantly reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. Traditional agriculture has a significant impact on the environment, and transgenic biotechnology can help reduce this impact. In the first decade of appli cation of genetically modified crops, by planting herbicide and insect-resistant characteristics, transgenic technologies have greatly reduced the use of pesticides, saved fossil fuels and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. Undoubtedly, genetically modified crops with drought-tolerant genes will improve water-use efficiency and maintain sustainable agricultural development, which will play an important role in easing the crisis of population growth and global food shortage (Artemis D, 2009). GM crops have also contributed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in two main ways, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping slow climate change. First, by reducing fuel use, the spraying of insecticides and herbicides, GM crops continue to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In 2007, genetic engineering has been stated to reduce 1. billion kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions, which is equivalent to a decrease of 50 million cars from the road. Secondly, herbicide-resistant GM crops help reduce tillage applications, which protects the land and enhances soil carbon sequestration. Conclusions Despite the many advantages of GM food, we cannot ignore the risks. After genetically modified foods have been taken into th e human body, they may cause harm to human health. Moreover, after a large number of transgenic crops come into nature, they may be biologically harmful to ecosystems. Since the risks of GM food is serous, it is important for us to reflect on it first. Any of the scientific and technological developments should be comprehensive and provide well-being for human life. If genetically modified foods can only increase our economic interests and improved material life without the moral, social and environmental harmony, they cannot be defined as making great contribution to social development. Therefore, whether GM food is a benefit or a disadvantage really depends on what kind of human values people hold (Qaim M. 2009). That is the question we reflect on deeply. In contemporary society, with the rapid development of science and technology, the economic situation of the human and the material standard of living has been soaring. It seems that mankind is taking great proud for the advanced technology. However, we should look back to what the living environment we rely on is subjected to. Therefore, genetically modified foods are seen as the savior of mankind, which is actually human self-centered ideology. Of course, with the continuous development of biotechnology and genetic engineering, human beings have the ability to create more genetically modified food.

inof on Joan Makes History :: essays research papers

What we’re after, of course, is stories, and we know that history is bulging with beauties. Having found them, we then proceed to fiddle with them to make them the way we want them to be, rather than the way they really were. We get it wrong, willfully and knowingly. But perhaps you could say that the very flagrency of our "getting it wrong" points to the fact that all stories even the history "story" are made. They have an agenda, even if it’s an unconscious one. Perhaps there are many ways to get it right. The interesting parts of history are probably always what’s not there. My own special area of interest about what’s not in history is the women. As you would all know, by and large they’re sadly absent from the historical record. However, I’m lucky to be the recipient—custodian, even, if that doesn’t sound too grandiose—of a rich oral history handed down from my mother, who got it from her mother and so on back down the line. She’s told me family stories from every generation since our family first came to Australia—in the form of our wicked convict ancestor Solomon Wiseman, in 1806. Sol is supposed to have murdered his wife, and turned his daughter—pregnant to the riding-master—out of the house to starve. (But perhaps, the novelist in me thinks, she didn’t starve , but went on to have, well, a story†¦) There was "Uncle Willie with the red hair" who was "killed [by falling] off a horse when he was eighteen and broke his mother’s heart." There was her own mother, in love with a Catholic boy—a love as unthinkable as between a Montagu and a Capulet and was forced to marry a good Protestant boy. You should see th e look on her face in the wedding photos. This oral history, handed down in a series of formalised anecdotes from mother to daughter, leaving rich areas for speculation in between is, I suspect, one of the things that’s made me a novelist. http://www.nla.gov.au/events/history/papers/Kate_Grenville%20.html SOUL-SEARCHING about our past is the new literary fashion. It is the period in which the breast-beaters, the moral Pharisees, are driven to tell us how, unlike their predecessors, they have political and moral virtue. The Aborigines, women and ordinary people have become the 'goodies', and all those who ignored them in their books or their teaching have become the 'baddies'. The winds of change are blowing over the ancient continent.

Ownership Essay

I own the idea that I eve this other human. For instance, love my family and they love me. There isn't a mastermind programming us to love each Other, we own the idea that this is our family and we love us. When I was a little boy, would steal from our candy jar and one day I got this yucky feeling in my belly that I was doing something naughty. So went to my dad and after he explained what was doing was wrong and then it clicked that my actions were wrong so apologized. What I did was realizing that my actions were wrong and so I owned up to them. We own our actions whether we want to or not.Actions take a split-second for us to decide to act on what we saw and if so, positively or negatively. No one else telling me what to do, it's just me and my thoughts. So what are thoughts? The literal definition of thought is â€Å"An idea or opinion produced by thinking or occurring suddenly in the mind. † The literal people would say that the brain is the most powerful thing in the wo rld. But what makes the brain so special is not that it controls our body, but that it controls our thoughts. Whenever we listen to a good song the brain tells the body that it likes it so we get that little tune tuck in our head.Whenever get test back that I didn't do well on, I get that sinking feeling and I get sad. Then the next time a test is coming up, I study and try to get a better grade. My thoughts reminded me of how bad it felt to get a bad grade and to do better next time. Both scenarios are my own thoughts; it's just me doing what my brain tells me is right and putting my actions to it. Love, our actions, and our thoughts are all examples of things that, even if we don't want to, own. These are all intangible things that we cannot see nor can we keep.

In 2011, What Are Social, Political, and Economic Impacts of Slavery in the U.S.?

In 2011, what are social, political, and economic impacts of slavery in the U. S.? To review American history, â€Å"American Dream† is encouraging a lot of foreigners to immigrate to America where can let these immigrates willing to the better life which refers to the success of economy through individual efforts. However, there is a dark side, namely the slavery, in American history that should not be neglected. The impact of slavery can be recognized in three fields, namely the economic field, the political field, and the social field. Each field has been interacting with each other, there are some visible and invisible phenomenons that might be helpful to spell out what the social, political, and economic impacts of slavery in American in nowadays. From 1619 to 1869, America was the biggest western country which owns huge populations o slavers and strict system of slavery. Slavers didn’t have any rights, such as education, suffrage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc. Simply put, slavers are not considered as people, they are the property of slave owners. The transition of the status of African-Americans, which has gone through too many struggles, is from slavers to African-Americans, in 1865, the United States Congress adopted The 13th Amendment Act, it explains that â€Å"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. â€Å" It means that the slavery became a history of America. There is no denying that it is the long-term impact of slavery on economy in America, there are two economic transformations, which are triangle trade and industrialization, in American history. The structure of triangle trade is based on the business among Europe, America and Africa. At that time, the North America was the transfer spot between England and its colonies, it means that North America exported agricultural products to England, such as cotton, in the mean time, North America imported slavers. Due to the different economic systems between northern and southern states: industry and commerce were centered on the northern states, agriculture was centered on the southern states, the economic confliction was increasing and then changed to the political and social confliction. At that era, the northern states claimed that protectionism which claims America should take high customs duties to protect the development of industry and commerce, but this policy caused great damage of agricultural economy in southern states. because slavery was major foundation of economy in southern states, so the confliction between northern and southern states was unable to avoid. Another point is that America was not a federal government at that time, it was a confederation. According to the aforementioned, I do not think that northern states want southern states to be the dependency of England in some day, so the Civil War is avoidless process. Slavery is the foundation that forces America to be t he most powerful country in whole world, especially economic and social impacts. After Civil War, slavers get freedom and they enter into the labor market of industry, it improves the economic benefits and rapid industrialization, America was prospering before Great Depression. However, America has experienced some economic failures, such as Great Depression and Financial Tsunami. I think it is the long-term economic impact of slaver because American government adopted over-protected economic policy, and it is one of reasons which caused Great Depression and then American government has gone toward another extreme way, namely the over-liberalism, and it is one of reasons that caused Financial Tsunami. After the disaster of Financial Tsunami. The most important political impact of slavery is American changes to federation. The problem of confederation is that the confederation government does not have enough political, military and economic power to restrain each state, it means these states usually ignore the motions of confederation government. With the establishment of federation after 1865, America is toward the centralization, the interests of country is far higher and more important than the interests of each states. The racial discrimination is a long term problem in the American society, some white people think that they are more superior than other races, and it is called â€Å"White supremacy†. African-Americans are facing the racial discrimination since the era of slavery, such as the racial discrimination in Major League Baseball. An unwritten policy is called â€Å"gentlemen’s agreement† created a colored barrier in Major league baseball until 1947. The possibility of African-American players in Major League Baseball had been excluded. In the late of twentieth century, American government adopts â€Å"Affirmative Action† to try to improve the situation of black people through the structure of law, however, it caused the reverse discrimination. As William J. Wilson’s book, â€Å"The Truly Disadvantaged† noted , he claims that the racial discrimination and its damage were happening in the past, the education is the major factor which effects the economic success of black people because black people are in the bottom of the economic pyramid. In fact, I can not agree with this point because I think that the long-term discrimination is causing the unfair of education and social status, and these factors also influence with each other, this discrimination is invisible that has gradually permeated to the cultural, political, economic field. In nowadays, the racial discrimination still exists in the American society, as one survey from â€Å"Gallup Poll† in 2008 noted, the racial discrimination can be found in four specific problems—â€Å"lower average education levels for U. S. blacks, lower average income levels for U. S. blacks, lower average life expectancies for blacks, and a higher percentage of blacks serving time in U. S. prisons. † It was impossible that African-Americans can be the American president in two hundred years ago, but Barack Obama won the election of American president in 2008. To most people, the victory of Barack Obama is breaking the racial discrimination in the American society, but I do not think so. Because changing the law is easier than changing the opinion of people, especially the long-term concept. Works Cited 1. EH. Net. â€Å"Slavery in the United States. † EH. Net. The Economic History Association with the Support of Other Sponsoring Organizations. , 1 Feb. 2010. Web. 04 Dec. 2011. . 2. Wagley, K. â€Å"Slavery's Economic Basis and Impact on the Emerging United States. † Yahoo! Voices – Voices. yahoo. com. 30 Sept. 2009. Web. 04 Dec. 011. . 3. Wright, Gavin. Slavery and American Economic Development. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2006. Print. 4. Wilson, William J. The Truly Disadvantaged. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1987. Print. 5. Jones, Jeffrey M. â€Å"Majority of Americans Say Racism Against Blacks Widespread. † Gallup. Com – Daily News, Polls, Public Opinion on Government, Politics, Economics, Management. Gallup, Inc. , 4 Aug. 2008. Web. 04 Dec. 2011. .

Products And Processes The WritePass Journal

Products And Processes Introduction Products And Processes IntroductionChoice of facility locationInventory managementTransportation Information infrastructureReferencesRelated Introduction Q1. Seven-Eleven’s supply chain strategy in Japan can be described as attempting to micro-match supply and demand using rapid replenishment? Are there any risks associated with this choice? What are these risks? Seven-Eleven Japan sought to simplify of its operations through use of advanced information technology, a factor to which its success is significantly attributed. This technology consists of a total information system installed in each outlet and linking their headquarters, their suppliers and their distribution centers. The system also includes an online network link; Point-of-sales (POS) system consisting of cash registers and terminal control equipment; personal computers linked to the POS cash registers and to the online network; and, an integrated services digital network (ISDN), an online communication system which enables quick collection, processing and feedback of data (Dai 2004). The hardware components of this system include: hand-held graphic display devices with access to the POS data in relation to each item which aid order placements; scanner terminals that read bar codes and reconcile inventory; store computers that interlink all these other components and track all t he data; and the POS registers which record sales and customer details such as age (Dai 2004). The POS data comprises of; sales analyses, waste analyses, and analyses of trends including daily sales, number of customers in relation to sales, slow product movement, and growth of sales per category. With this information system, the stores have better capacity to match their supply with demand. Through such data analyses, staff in the store can make adjustments through the day depending on consumption patterns, adjusting merchandise mix on store shelves, best described as rapid replenishment (Kumar 2001). This strategy of rapid replenishment though quite useful in maintaining efficiency and responsiveness, however, has risks associated. Among the risks, is an over-reliance on information technology systems which could be disastrous in case of system failures. A de-link of the several operations could disrupt the supply chain (Kumar 2001). Also a challenge is finding the right balance in the number of transport units due to the wide range of product quantities that are in demand. This could most likely result in increased costs of ordering and transport due to the high frequency of orders that earn this system the term â€Å"rapid replenishment†. This system also makes production and manufacturing quite an expense as the producers are limited by demand data flowing back to them, as they seek to match need. It would otherwise be cheaper if products were mass produced as the economies of scale would be favorable to such an arrangement (Chopra 2004). With an increase in product var iety and availability, there is also an attendant risk of higher inventory costs and culpability towards capacity fluctuations. Q2. Discuss how Seven-Eleven’s choice of facility location, inventory management, transportation and information infrastructure support its supply chain strategy in Japan? Choice of facility location `Seven-Eleven places its stores in clusters of over 50 stores supported by a distribution center. This choice of facility location is influenced by its market-dominance strategy in which Seven-Eleven Japan sought to open its new stores in areas already having clusters of stores (Li 2003). This arrangement of its facilities helps the company in its rapid replenishment strategy as the high density and geographical concentration boosts its efficient distribution system and enhances its system efficiency. This enables it to consolidate its warehousing and transport functions. The main advantage of this arrangement of clusters of stores around a delivery center is enhanced responsiveness core to the enhancement of efficiency in the supply chain. The centralized delivery center is essentially a cross-docking center, an essential node that enables consolidation and combination of product categories. Items supplied by different manufacturers are combined at the delivery center into distribution trucks which then service the stores depending on their individual orders (Li 2003). This use of distribution centers helps the company in its supply strategy by reducing lead time as well as the inventory and logistical costs throughout the chain. It enables faster replenishment through frequent supply by its distribution trucks several times a day. Inventory management Seven-Eleven’s inventory management system is composed of three levels; the manufacturers or suppliers, the delivery centers and the stores. The manufacturers or suppliers receive orders for goods from the stores and supply them through the distribution centers. The Seven-Eleven distribution centers do not carry any inventory as they only serve in cross-docking, transferring inventory from supplier trucks to distribution trucks that then serve the stores. At the store level, inventory management entails the use of bar code scanners to record inventory received from the distribution center which is reconciled against orders placed, the store computer, point-of-sale terminal and graphic display terminal which are useful in tracking all items in the inventory and guiding subsequent orders to replace sold items (Li 2003). All these levels are useful in the chain’s replenishment strategy through the tracking of inventory from supplier to the store and the provision of useful data to all parties in the chain through the communication interlink. This is quite significant in strengthening efficiency as parties seamlessly work together to enable rapid supply of products to meet demand from the stores. Transportation Meeting demand from the stores in rapid sequence requires a robust transport system backing the supply side. Seven-Eleven’s transport system consists of two segments; supplier trucks that transport goods from the manufacturers to the distribution center; and the company’s distribution trucks transporting products from the distribution centers to the stores. This segmentation enables the reduction of vehicular traffic to stores as the combination process at the distribution center makes it tenable for fewer distribution trucks serving the stores (Chopra 2004). To further ease transport, inventory is classified into four categories of temperature-controlled trucks including; frozen foods, chilled foods, processed foods at room-temperature, and warm foods. Goods in a similar category are combined in a single truck for delivery to multiple stores with the number of stores served by a truck depending on sales volumes (Li 2003). This arrangement gives Seven-Eleven the capacity to reduce number of vehicles that would be required for daily delivery to each store, even though the frequency of delivery is high. It consequently, also, reduces delivery costs and enables the rapid delivery of a variety of fresh foods thus enhancing efficiency and reducing costs in inventory management and transportation. This enhanced efficiency and reduced costs favors the rapid replenishment strategy as goods at stores are replaced faster and more efficiently. Information infrastructure This infrastructure is what gives Seven-Eleven much of its capacity and efficiency in its entire system, the backbone of its rapid replenishment strategy through the micro-match of demand and supply. This infrastructure consists of a total information system installed in each outlet and linking them to headquarters, their suppliers and to distribution centers through an online network link, the integrated services digital network (ISDN). This enables the sharing of actionable information in real time which serves to enhance responsiveness throughout the system. At the store, there is the Point-of-sales (POS) system consisting of cash registers and terminal control equipment and personal computers linked to the POS cash registers and to the online network (Kumar 2001). These components are useful aids in the analysis of a variety of data necessary for the realization of the supply chain strategy, through the tracking of inventory and a simplified process of placing orders. Data accrued from the various analyses is essential for the generation of projections enhancing the capacity to micro-match demand and supply. This infrastructure is key in bringing together all the information necessary to manage facilities, transport, manufacturing and general distribution, thereby enabling the smooth conduct of operations and management of the entire system at greater levels of efficiency. Q3. Seven-Eleven does not allow direct store delivery in Japan but has all products flow through its distribution centre. What benefit does Seven-Eleven derive from this policy? When is direct store delivery more appropriate? The decision to move all product deliveries through distribution centers came about as a result of Seven-Eleven’s endeavor towards efficiency in the supply chain. In its early life, up to 70 supplier trucks visited each store daily but with the distribution center arrangement, it has drastically reduced to 11 distribution trucks. Manufacturers supply the ordered products to Seven-Eleven’s distribution centers which then combines several items of similar category into a single distribution truck (Li 2003). This enables the supply of multiple stores by a single distribution truck for a particular category of products. The benefits of this supply mechanism include the reduction of vehicular traffic whereby only 11 distribution trucks with combined product categories are sufficient for daily supplies to stores. This enhances efficiency and responsiveness enabling a reduction in transport and inventory handling costs. Also beneficial is the resultant flexibility of the supply system as the distribution trucks are Seven-Eleven’s own (Chopra 2004). Delivery schedules can, through coordination, be altered easily and efficiently to enable the micro-matching of demand and supply, offering shorter replenishments cycles as per requirement and thus, enhancing responsiveness. The managing of fewer relationships is also a benefit of this indirect system as stores do not deal directly with vendors but leaves that to the distribution center. A store’s relationship in the chain is only with the distribution center and trucks (Li 2003). This partitioning enhances efficiency in the supply chain throug h the separation of scope of work for each player in the supply chain. Direct store delivery would, however, be more appropriate in instances when there is need for supply of unique one-time items that are heavy or bulky that would be inconvenient to pass through the distribution center (Chopra 2004). Direct delivery by supplier trucks would be appropriate in this case. It would also be appropriate when one among the stores is selling items with high demand uncertainties that are not sold in other stores as would be in cases when there is a difference in local preferences in the store locations. Another instance would be in cases in which emergency shipment of products is required necessitating straightforward supply path to the store (Dai 2004). References Chopra, S., and P. Meindl., 2004. Supply Chain Management, 2d ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice-Hall. Dai, S., 2004. â€Å"Knowledge Creation System in Seven-Eleven Japan†. In: Journal of Electronic Science and Technology. Vol 2 , 92-97. Kumar, K., (ed), 2001. â€Å"Technology for Supply Chain Management†. In: Communications of the ACM( June, special issue). Li, L., 2003. Seven-Eleven Japan. Centre for Business Education, St. Andrews University.

New Urbanism Planning and Design

New Urbanism Planning and Design New Urbanism is an urban planning and design movement that began in the United States in the early 1980s. Its goals are to reduce dependence on the car, and to create livable and walkable, neighborhoods with a densely packed array of housing, jobs, and commercial sites. New Urbanism also promotes a return to the traditional town planning seen in places such as downtown Charleston, South Carolina and Georgetown in Washington, D.C. These locations are ideal for New Urbanists because in each one there is an easily walkable Main Street, a downtown park, shopping districts and a gridded street system. History of New Urbanism In the beginning of the 19th century, development of American cities often took a compact, mixed-use form, reminiscent of that found in places like old town Alexandria, Virginia. With the development of the streetcar and affordable rapid transit, however, cities began to spread out and create streetcar suburbs. The later invention of the automobile further increased this decentralization from the central city which later led to separated land uses and urban sprawl. New Urbanism is a reaction to the spreading out of cities. The ideas then began to spread in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as urban planners and architects started to come up with plans to model cities in the U.S. after those in Europe. In 1991, New Urbanism developed more strongly when the Local Government Commission, a nonprofit group in Sacramento, California, invited several architects, including Peter Calthorpe, Michael Corbett, Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk among others, to Yosemite National Park to develop a set of principles for land use planning that focused on the community and its livability. The principles, named after Yosemites Ahwahnee Hotel where the conference was held, are called the Ahwahnee Principles. Within these, there are 15 community principles, four regional principles and four principles of implementation. Each one, however, deals with both past and present ideas to make cities as clean, walkable and livable as possible. These principles were then presented to government officials in late 1991 at the Yosemite Conference for Local Elected Officials. Shortly thereafter, some of the architects involved in creating the Ahwahnee Principles formed the Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) in 1993. Today, CNU is the leading promoter of New Urbanist ideas and has grown to over 3,000 members. It also holds conferences yearly in cities across the U.S. to further promote New Urbanism design principles. Core New Urbanist Ideas Within the concept of New Urbanism today, there are four key ideas. The first of these is to ensure that a city is walkable. This means that no resident should need a car to get anywhere in the community and they should be no more than a five-minute walk from any basic good or service. To achieve this, communities should invest in sidewalks and narrow streets. In addition to actively promoting walking, cities should also de-emphasize the car by placing garages behind homes or in alleys. There should also only be on-street parking, instead of large parking lots. Another core idea of New Urbanism is that buildings should be mixed both in their style, size, price, and function. For example, a small townhouse can be placed next to a larger, single family home. Mixed-use buildings such as those containing commercial spaces with apartments over them are also ideal in this setting. Finally, a New Urbanist city should have a strong emphasis on the community. This means maintaining connections between people with high density, parks, open spaces and community gathering centers like a plaza or neighborhood square. Examples of New Urbanist Cities Although New Urbanist design strategies have been tried in various places across the U.S., the first fully developed New Urbanist town was Seaside, Florida, designed by architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. Construction began there in 1981 and almost immediately, it became famous for its architecture, public spaces, and quality of streets. The Stapleton neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, is another example of New Urbanism in the U.S. It is on the site of the former Stapleton International Airport and construction began in 2001. The neighborhood is zoned as residential, commercial and office and will be one of the largest in Denver. Like Seaside, it too will de-emphasize the car but it will also have parks and open space. Criticisms of New Urbanism Despite the popularity of New Urbanism in the recent decades, there have been some criticisms of its design practices and principles. The first of these is that the density of its cities leads to a lack of privacy for residents. Some critics claim that people want detached homes with yards so they are further away from their neighbors. By having mixed density neighborhoods and possibly sharing driveways and garages, this privacy is lost. Critics also say that New Urbanist towns feel inauthentic and isolated because they do not represent the norm of settlement patterns in the U.S. Many of these critics often point to Seaside as it was used to film portions of the film The Truman Show and as a model of Disneys community, Celebration, Florida. Finally, critics of New Urbanism argue that instead of promoting diversity and community, New Urbanist neighborhoods only attract affluent white residents as they often become very expensive places to live. Regardless of these criticisms though, New Urbanist ideas are becoming a popular form of planning communities and with a growing emphasis on mixed-use buildings, high density settlements, and walkable cities, its principles will continue into the future.

Harley-Davidson in 2004..2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Harley-Davidson in 2004..2011 - Essay Example The global market consumers consider all the factors while purchasing the motorbikes because the motorbikes in most of the countries are used by means of transport or the consumers who does not afford the cost of maintaining car: The motorbike industry of US is different from the international market because the US consumers do not use the motorbikes by means of transport. So US consumers do not consider all the above factors except superior quality. Every country has its own economic conditions that are different from the other country. In motorbike industry of under developing countries the consumers consider these factors: cheap in cost, average in quality, fuel efficient and spare parts available at cheap prices. And in the developed countries the focus of the consumers on superior quality, innovative features and designs etc. the economic conditions of a country creates a big difference in the consumer preferences. 2.1-The motorbike industry is growing very fast for the last two decades and now the total number of motorbikes in the world is around 200 million. It’s a very huge market with a huge growth every year. Many bug multinational entering in this fast growing market because in the under developing countries motorbikes is used as a means of transport and in developed countries it is used with a broad perception. Harley Davidson associates its brand image with life style of customers. Its market is increasing because today’s consumer associate it self with the product’s characteristics to build its personal image as a products image. This trend makes the market of Harley Davidson more effective and appealing. Harley Davidson is most selling motorbike brand in US market and containing a highest market share in the US motorbike industry. The sales and the market share of Harley Davidson in the US motorbike industry

Critique of Strategic Thinking for Information Technology Essay

Critique of Strategic Thinking for Information Technology - Essay Example line that requires study and preparation† as well as â€Å"a discipline that enables one to develop deep and far reaching conclusions about the information age and IT fighting.† Strategy is seen as an essential factor in the success of a business organization especially in an IT company where alignment is highly required. He also stressed that alignment is not a point-in-time concept and that IT must change in response to the changes that the organization faces. The chapter also presents the scenario of the information age where bits become source of value and where IT intensifies rivalry among industry players. In response to this, the traditional sustainable advantage is replaced with throwaway temporary advantage. Boar stresses that in order to keep up with the current competition, business organizations need not capitalize on long-term capacities but on short term competitive advantage. The main idea is to keep up with the competition by manoeuvring across time. An important point that Boar discuss is the importance of having a strategy in order to propel a business organization to its expected end (Boar 62-63). The author furthers his point by stating that business organizations can strategically position themselves by acquiring advantages both competitive and sustainable. In the end, his emphasis is on acquiring temporary competitive advantage that building on long-term sustainable advantage. This point is in direct contrast with what is taught by strategic management theorists Thomson and Strickland. In their book entitled Strategic Management, these thinkers recognize the importance of turning competitive advantage into sustainable advantage. They argue that business organizations should focus on the long-run and thus, find ways to sustain the competitive advantage that they have. The ideas presented by Boar contrasts that of Thomson and Strickland. While Boar favors competitive advantage, Thomson and Strickland are advocating sustainab le advantage. These

Advertising in mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Advertising in mass media - Essay Example Unlike other forms of indoctrination; this approach is mild and oblique in its approach. Advertisers do not challenge prevailing values and ideas. They preferred to introduce new terms of fulfillment and satisfaction. The most predominant theme echoed in several advertisements throughout the ages is the superiority of capitalism and consumer culture. Marketers make it appear as though consumer goods are the ultimate solution for contemporary problems. They tend to obscure distinctions between the rich and poor or the lower and the upper class. Several advertisements contain seemingly exclusive products that should be a reserve for the well to do. However, through the phenomenon of mass production, these products can be accessed by any member of society. Marchand describes several instances in which mass media specialists of the 1920s sought to convince buyers that their products would equalize their status (82). A wealthy socialite could afford the finest china or expensive butler, but they still enjoyed the same brand of coffee that typical citizens bought. Alternatively, a marketer might claim that their soap could make women’s hands just as soft as their favorite socialite. In society today, advertisers use celebrities to endorse their products, and make them seem accessible to the common man. These media bodies illustrate that consumer products accord similar comforts to all members of society and thus endorse the status quo. The subtle message behind such advertisers is to obscure the economic inequalities inherent in any capitalist society. If consumers heed to these ideas, they will learn to accept their place in the existing social order. Revolts against the elite or other similar controllers of wealth would be unnecessary if people of all walks of life could enjoy similar things. Furthermore, political leaders would not need to organize a massive wealth redistribution program since the electorate was already satisfied with

Penicillins Structure and Function

Penicillins Structure and Function Rachael Sim Hwee Ling A Molecule that Shapes the World – C16H18N2O4S The discovery of penicillin has revolutionized the world of medicine and saved millions of lives. Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi  [1]. Antibiotics are specific substances derived from living organisms that can inhibit the life processes of other organisms  [2]. Penicillin is effective against a range of bacteria such as staphylococciand streptococci and bacteria causing diseases like meningitis and gonorrhea  [3]. Unlike sulfanilamide which is toxic to the kidney, penicillin has no harsh effects. It is non-irritating and can be applied to tissues directly  [4]. During World War II, the administration of penicillin to the wounded soldiers greatly reduced their chanceS of injury infection and raised their survival chances in the interim time between the wounding and surgery (14 hours for the Allied Forces), thus dramatically reducing the need for amputations and the death toll from infected wounds  [5]. Today, penicillin is still commonly used to treat conditions. Penicillin is often prescribed after dental surgery to prevent infections  [6]. The diseases and infections mentioned above are caused by bacteria. Almost all bacteria have cell walls made up of peptidoglycan, a rigid but elastic structure, that protects the underlying protoplast from mechanical damage and prevent it from bursting under osmotic pressure. Peptidoglycan is made up of long polysaccharide chains that are cross-linked via flexible peptide bridges  [7]. The synthesis of bacterial cell wall is catalyzed by the enzyme transpeptidase. Such synthesis is essential to the growth, cellular reproduction and maintaining the structure of bacteria. In 1965, Tipper and Strominger hypothesized that penicillin kills bacteria by blocking the action of the transpeptidase that catalyzes the last step of synthesis which involves the cross-linking of different peptidoglycan chains, thus inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall  [8]. Water then enters the cell causing it to swell and explode. This essay will discuss how penicillin’s shape, structure, instability enable it to inhibit the action of transpeptidase, examine the science behind penicillin’s reaction, how the structure and size influence its effectiveness and the significance of the lack of symmetry. Penicillin structure consists of a thiazolidine ring fused to a ÃŽ ²-lactum ring to which a variable R group is attached by a peptide bond. (Fig 1) Penicillin G (Fig 2), which has a benzyl side-chain, is often regarded as the prototype of the class as it is one of the first-generation penicillin that can be obtained directly from the fungi. It is the most potent of the class against susceptible gram-positive bacteria and is still widely used.[9] Penicillin G is only effective against gram-positive bacteria in which the transpeptidases are directly accessible. Fig 1: General Penicillin molecule with R side chain, 3 chiral centres (*) and a ÃŽ ²-lactum ring (blue) Fig 2: Natural penicillin-G where R = benzyl group Fig 3: D-Alanyl-D-alanine which closely resembles penicillin (In D-amino acid, with the H atom pointing up and looking down from the H atom and moving anti-CW, the amino acid has the order COOH, R, NH2) One explanation about the mechanism of action of penicillin is that it mimics the shape and structure of the D-alanine-D-alanine termini of bacterial peptidoglycan (the usual substrate) and is thus recognized by transpeptidases  [10]. The transpeptidase enzyme reacts preferentially and binds irreversibly with penicillin. The penicilloyl-enzyme formed is stable and does not react any further  [11]. The free COOH group present mimics that of terminal carboxyl of D-alanine-D-alanine and is needed for penicillin to bind at the active site  [12]. The similarities in their molecular structures can be clearly observed in Fig1 and Fig3. Furthermore, as penicillin lacks symmetry, its mirror images are non-super-imposable. In order for penicillin to be biologically active, the 3 chiral centres in penicillin must be in the configuration in Fig1  [13]. As penicillin’s activity is stereo-dependent, penicillin synthesized must be enantiopure and the arrangement of the groups relativ e to one another should resemble that of D-alanine-D-alanine. This also explains penicillin non-toxicity. D-alanine only occurs in the cell wall of bacteria and all the proteins within our body are built up from L-amino acids. Hence, penicillin kills bacteria but will not adversely affect humans.  [14] Another explanation also relates to the structure of penicillin and the instability of the cyclic amide in ÃŽ ²-lactum ring which is fused to the thiazolidine ring. Research by Strominger has shown that the activity of penicillin is due to the inherent strain of the four-membered ring or to the reduced amide resonance  [15]. In the four-membered ring, the C and N atoms are forced to have a bond angle of approximately 90 ° which is far below the preferred bond angle for singly-bonded sp3 hybridised carbon and nitrogen atoms (109.5 °) and doubly-bonded sp2 hybridised carbon atom (120 °). This put the small ring under great ring strain which is further aggravated by the five-membered thiazolidine ring fused with it. X-ray crystallography has also showed that the two fused rings and the amide bond is non-planar. This leads to a loss of resonance stabilization normally found in these amide bonds  [16]. These make the amide group more reactive. Penicillin acylates the enzyme and form an open chain compound to relieve the strain. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the –COOH group in penicillin’s structure contributes to penicillin’s widely varying acylating ability and its ability to travel through bodily fluids unaltered and only target transpeptidase in bacteria. Experimental data obtained from inelastic neutrons and quantum chemical theory suggests that the activity of penicillin is pH dependent  [17]. Under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4), penicillin’s -COOH group is deprotonated. As COO and the lone pair of electrons of N are on the same face of the molecule, the COO will repel the lone pair of electrons on the N atom. This shortens the amide bond, increases its strength and decrease the acylating power of the lactam ring  [18]. When near the active site of transpeptidase, COO group is protonated and the ÃŽ ²-lactum amide bond regains its strong acylating power  [19]. The 2 CH3 group is also important for activation as research has found no activity for penicillin analogues with these groups removed.  [20] At the active site, the science of reaction is as follows. The nucleophilic –OH group of the serine residue attacks and opens the ring. A covalent bond is formed between the serine on the enzyme and the penicillin molecule  [21], irreversibly inhibiting the normal function of the enzyme and kills the bacterial cell. The R group in the penicillin structure determines the effectiveness of the penicillin drug. Penicillin-G cannot be consumed orally as gastric acid will catalyze the hydrolysis of the highly unstable ÃŽ ²-lactum ring, destroying its antibiotic properties. The ÃŽ ²-lactum ring is also susceptible to attack by O atom of the neighboring carbonyl group. To prevent this, we can choose an electron withdrawing R group to decrease the nucleophilicity of the carbonyl oxygen on the acyl side chain to reduce the self destructive mechanism[22]. To avoid degradation by penicillinase enzyme, we can choose a bulky R group as a steric shield. The small size of penicillin molecules increases their potency as it enables them to penetrate the entire depth of the cell wall. In conclusion, penicillin-G is a molecule that was cleverly designed molecule by nature. All features in its structure – its bicyclic system, unstable ÃŽ ²-lactum ring, COOH group, stereochemistry and size is essential and influence its effectiveness. They enable penicillin to irreversibly react with transpeptidases, kill harmful bacteria and by doing so, save lives and shape the world. [1] penicillin. (n.d.)The American Heritage ® Medical Dictionary. (2007). Retrieved January 31 2015 fromhttp://medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/penicillin [2] antibiotic. (n.d.)The American Heritage ® Medical Dictionary. (2007). Retrieved January 31 2015 fromhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/antibiotic [3] penicillin. (n.d.)Dorlands Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. (2007). Retrieved January 31 2015 fromhttp://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/penicillin [4] Fleming, A. (1929). On the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae.British journal of experimental pathology,10(3), 226. Couteur, P., Burreson, J. (2004). Wonder Drugs. InNapoleons buttons: 17 molecules that changed history. Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin: New York. [5] Medicine and World War Two. (2014, January 1). Retrieved January 31, 2015, from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medicine_and_world_war_two.htm [6] Ross-Flanigan, Nancy; Uretsky, Samuel. Penicillins.Gale Encyclopedia of Childrens Health: Infancy through Adolescence. 2006. Retrieved January 31, 2015 from Encyclopedia.com:http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3447200431.html [7] Graumann, P. (2007).Bacillus: Cellular and molecular biology(p. 333). Norfolk: Caister Academic Press. [8] Tipper, D., Strominger, J. (1965.). Mechanism Of Action Of Penicillins: A Proposal Based On Their Structural Similarity To Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1133-1141 [9] Penicillins. (n.d.). Retrieved January 31, 2015, from http://www.emedexpert.com/compare/penicillins.shtml#4 [10]Tipper, D., Strominger, J. (1965.). Mechanism Of Action Of Penicillins: A Proposal Based On Their Structural Similarity To Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1133-1141. [11] Berg, J., Tymoczko, J. (2002). Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics. InBiochemistry(5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. [12] Tipper, D., Strominger, J. (1965.). Mechanism Of Action Of Penicillins: A Proposal Based On Their Structural Similarity To Acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,1133-1141. [13] Bentley, R. (2004). The Molecular Structure of Penicillin.Journal of Chemical Education,1462-1462. [14] Otter, C. (2008). Chemical ideas (3ed. ed.). Oxford [u.a.: Heinemann Educational. [15] Strominger, J.L. (1967) . Enzymatic reactions in bacterial cell wall synthesis sensitive to penicillins, cephalosprins and other antibacterial agents. Antibiotics, 705–713 [16] J. C. Sheeman, The enchanted Ring: The Untold Story of Penicillin, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982 J. R. Johnson, R. B. Woodward and R. Robinson, in The Chemistry of Penicillin, ed. H. T. Clarke, J. R. Johnson and R. Robinson, Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey, 1949, ch. 15, pp. 443–449. [17],18,19 Mucsi, Z.; Chass, G.A.; Abranyi-Balogh, P.; Jozart, B.; Fang, D.-C.; Ramirez-Cuesta, A.J.; Viskolcz, B.; Csizmadia, I.G. Penicillin’s catalytic mechanism revealed by inelastic neutrons and quantum chemical theory. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 20447–20455 [18] [19] [20] S. Wolfe, J. C. Godfrey, C. T. Holdrege and Y. G. Perron, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 85, 643 ; S. Wolfe, J. C. Godfrey, C. T. Holdrege and Y. G. Perron, Can. J. Chem., 1968, 46, 2549.; J. Hoogmartens, P. J. Claes and H. Vanderhaeghe, J. Med. Chem., 1974, 17, 389;T. K. Vasudevan and V. S. R. Rao, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 1982, 4, 219. [21] Yocum, R., Strominger, J., Rasmussen, J., Waxman, D. (1979). Mechanism of Penicillin Action: Penicillin and Substrate Bind Covalently to the Same Active Site Serine in Two Bacterial D-alanine Carboxypeptidases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2730-2734. [22] Proctor, P., Gensmantel, N., Page, M. (1982). The chemical reactivity of penicillins and other ?-lactam antibiotics.Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2,1185-1185.

Americas Crime Fighters Need DNA Fingerprinting Essay -- Genetic Argu

America's Crime Fighters Need DNA Fingerprinting Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chemical structure containing a base sequence. Base pairs are genetic codes made up of four chemicals (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine) and each sequence differs in every person. Because DNA is so complex and varies immensely in individuals, it can be used like a fingerprint, hence the name DNA Fingerprinting. DNA can be found and analyzed in blood, semen, saliva, hair and skin--even decades old if properly stored. The process takes longer than simple fingerprinting and is very expensive, but the results are almost perfect in determining identity. While these tests are very accurate, there is a 1 in 50 billion chance that two people will have an identical match. According to Kate Brinton and Kim-An Lieberman, the applications of DNA Fingerprinting are mainly Criminal Identification and Forensics, Paternity and Maternity tests, and Personal Identification (Applications link). Many court cases have been resolved through DNA testing , and because of today’s technology, it should be used more often in all necessary circumstances. Thomas H. Murray from Case Western Reserve University stated in 1987, â€Å"The moral significance of humankind is no more threatened by peeking at the underlying musical notation, the base sequences, than is the score of Beethoven’s last symphony diminishing to that piece of work.† In other words he is saying that analytical results from a base sequence should not affect someone’s moral views on DNA testing. As to who should be able to analyze your DNA and how long it remains on record, results should be as available as any other form of identification. DNA testing was first developed in... ...cation of many people possible. Finally, when a person is monitored or screened in the workplace for possible illnesses, they must understand that it is beneficial for them as well as other employees in the workplace. Results relate to the presence of mutated DNA strands and should be reflected on the person’s current physical condition as well as their past. This makes any changes to the workplace environment more accurate and logical. If any instance calls for DNA testing, results should be filed when the issue is resolved. People need to know of any concerns with their DNA to determine possible solutions. These solutions can be preventative medications or a recommendation to work in safer environments. Whether it needs to be viewed by doctors, researchers, or for criminal investigations, results should be as available as any other form of identification.

Record Labels

HOME FREE DRUM BREAKS EQUIPMENT-REVIEWS RECORD-LABEL-CONTACTS HIP-HOP-INSTRUMENTALS ABOUT RECORD LABEL CONTACTS 143 Records 530 Wilshire Blvd. , Suite 101 Santa Monica, CA 90401 Phone: 310-899-0143 Fax: 310-899-0133 A&M Records 1416 North Lebrea Ave. Hollywood, CA 90028 Aftermath Records 2220 Colorado Blvd. Santa Monica, CA 90404 Phone: 310-865-7642 Fax:310-865-7068 American Recordings 3500 West Olive Ave. Suite 1550 Burbank, CA 91505 Capital Records A&R Dept 1750 North Vine & Hollywood Hollywood, CA 90028 Phone: 323-462-6552 Cash Money Records P. O. Box 547 St. Rose, LA 70087 Chrysalis Music Valerie L. Patton 500 Melrose Ave. , Suite 207 Los Angeles, CA 90069-5145 Phone: 310-967-0303 Fax: 310-652-2024 Geffen Record Co. 9130 Sunset Blvd. , Suite 1230 Los Angeles, CA 90069 Gramophone P. O. Box 910 Beverly Hills, CA 90213 Interscope Records 10900 Wilshire Blvd. , Suite 1230 Los Angeles, CA 90024 Maverick Music Co. 8000 Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90048 MCA Records 70 Universal City P laza[/B] University, CA 91608 Motown Records 5750 Wilshite Blvd. , Suite 300 Los Angeles, CA 90026 Quincy Jones Music 3800 Barham Blvd 503 Los Angeles, CA 90068 Phone: 323-882-1337 Fax: 323-874-4236 Reprise Records 3300 Warner Blvd.Burbank, CA 91510 Revolution Records 8900 Wilshire Blvd. Beverly Hills, CA 90211 Rhino Entertainment 10635 Santa Monica Blvd. , 2nd floor Los Angeles, CA 90025 Virgin Records 338 N. Foothill Rd. Beverly Hills, CA 90210 Warner Bros. Records 3300 Warner Blvd. Burbank, CA 91505 Windham Hill Records 75 Willow Rd. Menlo Park, CA 94025 NEW YORK RECORD LABEL CONTACTS Angel/Virgin Classics Records 810 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10019 Arista Records 6 W. 57th St. New York, NY 10019 Atlanta Records 75 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Bad Boy Entertainment 1540 Broadway 30th Floor New York, NY 10036 Blackground Records 9 West 27th St. New York, NY 10001 Phone: 212-684-1975 Fax: 212-684-1624 Blue Note Records 1290 Sixth Ave. New York, NY 10019 BMG/RCA Records 1540 Broadway, 9th floor New York, NY 10036 Columbia Records 550 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10022 DAS Communications 83 Riverside Dr. New York, NY 10024 Phone: 212-877-0400 Fax: 212-595-0176 East/West Records 75 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Ebony Son Management c/o Chaka Zulu 1867 7th Ave. , Suite 4C New York, NY 10026 Phone: 917-449-2619 Fax: 212-665-9634 [email  protected] com EMI Music Publishing NY c/o Paul Morgan 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104Phone: 212-492-1200 Fax: 212-492-1865 [email  protected] com Island Records (Polygram) 825 Eighth Ave. New York, NY 10019 LaFace Records Flent Coleman 6 West 57th St. New York, NY 10019 Matador Records 676 Broadway New York, NY 10012 Mercury Records 825 Eighth Ave. New York, NY 10019 Nonesuch Records 590 Fifth Ave. , 16th floor New York, NY 10036 Rockwilder Entertainment Ellis Entertainment 900 South Ave. , Suite 300 Staten Island, NY 10314 Phone: 718-568-3655 Fax: 718-568-3643 [email  protected] com Sire Records 7 5 Reckefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Tommy Boy Records Ian Stemmans 902 Broadway, 13th floorNew York, NY 10010 Phone: 212-777-0281 Trackmasters Entertainment 550 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10022 Phone: 212-833-7962 Fax: 212-833-4797 TVT Records Rell Lefarg 23 East 45th St. New York, NY 10003 Phone: 212-979-6410 Verve Records 825 Eighth Ave. New York, NY 10019 Warlock Records, Inc. 126 Fifth Ave. , 2nd floor New York, NY 10011 Phone: 212-206-0800 Fax: 212-206-1949 Zomba / Jive Records Jimmy Mays 137-139 West 25th St. New York, NY 10001 Phone: 212-727-0016 OTHER U. S. RECORD LABEL CONTACTS ASCAP Moe Rodriquez, Regional Rep P. O. Box 14189 Gainesville, FL 32604 Phone: 352-377-1003 Fax: 352-377-0590 [email  protected] net A Touch of Jazz 444N. Third St. Philadelphia, PA 19123 Phone: 215-928-9192 Fax: 215-928-9487 Cash Money Records P. O. Box 547 St. Rose, LA 70087 Phone: 504-466-5115 Fax: 504-466-7575 Darkchild Entertainment 503 Doughty Rd. Pleasantville, NJ 08232 Phone: 609-652-7906 Fax: 609-407-0596 Flyte Tyme Productions 4100 West 76th St. St. Edina, MN 55435 Phone: 612-897-3901 Fax: 612-897-1942 www. flytetyme. com Freeworld Entertainment 576 A Trabert Ave. NW Atlanta, GA 30309 Phone: 404-351-6680 Fax: 404-351-1354 Hardball Records Pablo Casals 350 Lincoln Rd. , Suite 316 Miami Beach, FL 33139 Phone: 305-674-7044Fax: 305-674-7501 Keep Close Entertainment Tony Rudd 2700 SF Charles Rd Bellwood, IL 60104 Phone: 708-701-9491 LaFace Records 3350 Peachtree Rd. , Suite 1500 Atlanta, Ga 30326 Phone: 404-848-8050 Fax: 404-848-8051 PriceWriteProductions PriceOne Luke Records Julian Boothe Miami, FL Phone: 305-532-7696 Mammoth Records 101 B St. Carrboro, NC 27510 Miles Ahead Entertainment Sheila Eldridge 380 Piermont Ave. Hillsdale, NJ 07642 Phone: 201-722-1500 Fax: 201-722-1119 Rap-A-Lot Records P. O. Box 924190 Houston, TX 77292 Phone: 713-335-1600 Rounder Records 1 Camp St. Cambridge, MA 02140 Slip-N-Slide Records Keith Hamilton 9 Miami Gardens Dr. , Suite 128 Miam i, FL 33169 Phone: 305-770-077 So So Def Recordings 685 Lambert Dr. Atlanta, GA 30324 Phone: 404-888-9900 Fax: 404-888-9901 Soundbwoy Entertainment Lancelot 2221 N. E. 164th, Suite 255 North Miami Beach, FL 33160 Phone: 305-769-9700 Fax: 305-769-6990 T-Luv Management 3018 Gary Drive St. Louis, MO 63121 Phone: 314-385-1848 Fax: 314-383-2393 Untouchables Entertainment Group 100 Piermont Rd. Closter, NJ 07624 Phone: 201-767-6924 Fax: 201-784-3879 Warner/Chappell Music Latin Division 763 Collins Ave. , Suite 301 Miami, FL 33139 Phone: 305-534-1010 Fax: 305-534-1082 Wish RecordingsIan Burke PMB 145, 541 10th St. Atlanta, GA 33018 Phone: 404-627-8329 Wright Stuff Records Donna Wright P. O. Box 2600 Windmere, LF 34786 Phone: 407-291-8333 ext 1 Fax: 407-291-6946 Voice: 800-222-6000 wrightstuffmanagement. com Worldwide Entertainment Kevin Wales Atlanta, GA 404-760-0599 Go To TopAdministration Login Copyright  © 2012 HOME FREE DRUM BREAKS EQUIPMENT-REVIEWS RECORD-LABEL-CONTACTS HIP-HOP-INST RUMENTALS ABOUT RECORD LABEL CONTACTS 143 Records 530 Wilshire Blvd. , Suite 101 Santa Monica, CA 90401 Phone: 310-899-0143 Fax: 310-899-0133 A&M Records 1416 North Lebrea Ave. Hollywood, CA 90028 Aftermath Records 220 Colorado Blvd. Santa Monica, CA 90404 Phone: 310-865-7642 Fax:310-865-7068 American Recordings 3500 West Olive Ave. Suite 1550 Burbank, CA 91505 Capital Records A&R Dept 1750 North Vine & Hollywood Hollywood, CA 90028 Phone: 323-462-6552 Cash Money Records P. O. Box 547 St. Rose, LA 70087 Chrysalis Music Valerie L. Patton 8500 Melrose Ave. , Suite 207 Los Angeles, CA 90069-5145 Phone: 310-967-0303 Fax: 310-652-2024 Geffen Record Co. 9130 Sunset Blvd. , Suite 1230 Los Angeles, CA 90069 Gramophone P. O. Box 910 Beverly Hills, CA 90213 Interscope Records 10900 Wilshire Blvd. , Suite 1230 Los Angeles, CA 90024Maverick Music Co. 8000 Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90048 MCA Records 70 Universal City Plaza[/B] University, CA 91608 Motown Records 5750 Wilshite Blvd. , Suite 3 00 Los Angeles, CA 90026 Quincy Jones Music 3800 Barham Blvd 503 Los Angeles, CA 90068 Phone: 323-882-1337 Fax: 323-874-4236 Reprise Records 3300 Warner Blvd. Burbank, CA 91510 Revolution Records 8900 Wilshire Blvd. Beverly Hills, CA 90211 Rhino Entertainment 10635 Santa Monica Blvd. , 2nd floor Los Angeles, CA 90025 Virgin Records 338 N. Foothill Rd. Beverly Hills, CA 90210 Warner Bros. Records 3300 Warner Blvd. Burbank, CA 91505 Windham Hill Records 5 Willow Rd. Menlo Park, CA 94025 NEW YORK RECORD LABEL CONTACTS Angel/Virgin Classics Records 810 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10019 Arista Records 6 W. 57th St. New York, NY 10019 Atlanta Records 75 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Bad Boy Entertainment 1540 Broadway 30th Floor New York, NY 10036 Blackground Records 49 West 27th St. New York, NY 10001 Phone: 212-684-1975 Fax: 212-684-1624 Blue Note Records 1290 Sixth Ave. New York, NY 10019 BMG/RCA Records 1540 Broadway, 9th floor New York, NY 10036 Columbia Records 550 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10022 DAS Communications 83 Riverside Dr. New York, NY 10024Phone: 212-877-0400 Fax: 212-595-0176 East/West Records 75 Rockefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Ebony Son Management c/o Chaka Zulu 1867 7th Ave. , Suite 4C New York, NY 10026 Phone: 917-449-2619 Fax: 212-665-9634 [email  protected] com EMI Music Publishing NY c/o Paul Morgan 1290 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10104 Phone: 212-492-1200 Fax: 212-492-1865 [email  protected] com Island Records (Polygram) 825 Eighth Ave. New York, NY 10019 LaFace Records Flent Coleman 6 West 57th St. New York, NY 10019 Matador Records 676 Broadway New York, NY 10012 Mercury Records 825 Eighth Ave. New York, NY 10019 Nonesuch Records 90 Fifth Ave. , 16th floor New York, NY 10036 Rockwilder Entertainment Ellis Entertainment 900 South Ave. , Suite 300 Staten Island, NY 10314 Phone: 718-568-3655 Fax: 718-568-3643 [email  protected] com Sire Records 75 Reckefeller Plaza New York, NY 10019 Tommy Boy Records Ian Stemmans 902 Broadway, 13th floor New York, NY 10010 Phone: 212-777-0281 Trackmasters Entertainment 550 Madison Ave. New York, NY 10022 Phone: 212-833-7962 Fax: 212-833-4797 TVT Records Rell Lefarg 23 East 45th St. New York, NY 10003 Phone: 212-979-6410 Verve Records 825 Eighth Ave. New York, NY 10019 Warlock Records, Inc. 126 Fifth Ave. , 2nd floorNew York, NY 10011 Phone: 212-206-0800 Fax: 212-206-1949 Zomba / Jive Records Jimmy Mays 137-139 West 25th St. New York, NY 10001 Phone: 212-727-0016 OTHER U. S. RECORD LABEL CONTACTS ASCAP Moe Rodriquez, Regional Rep P. O. Box 14189 Gainesville, FL 32604 Phone: 352-377-1003 Fax: 352-377-0590 [email  protected] net A Touch of Jazz 444N. Third St. Philadelphia, PA 19123 Phone: 215-928-9192 Fax: 215-928-9487 Cash Money Records P. O. Box 547 St. Rose, LA 70087 Phone: 504-466-5115 Fax: 504-466-7575 Darkchild Entertainment 503 Doughty Rd. Pleasantville, NJ 08232 Phone: 609-652-7906 Fax: 609-407-0596 Flyte Tyme Productions 100 West 76th St. St. Edina, MN 55435 Phone: 612-897-3901 Fax: 612-897-1942 www. flytetyme. com Freeworld Entertainment 576 A Trabert Ave. NW Atlanta, GA 30309 Phone: 404-351-6680 Fax: 404-351-1354 Hardball Records Pablo Casals 350 Lincoln Rd. , Suite 316 Miami Beach, FL 33139 Phone: 305-674-7044 Fax: 305-674-7501 Keep Close Entertainment Tony Rudd 2700 SF Charles Rd Bellwood, IL 60104 Phone: 708-701-9491 LaFace Records 3350 Peachtree Rd. , Suite 1500 Atlanta, Ga 30326 Phone: 404-848-8050 Fax: 404-848-8051 PriceWriteProductions PriceOne Luke Records Julian Boothe Miami, FL Phone: 305-532-7696 Mammoth Records 101 B St.Carrboro, NC 27510 Miles Ahead Entertainment Sheila Eldridge 380 Piermont Ave. Hillsdale, NJ 07642 Phone: 201-722-1500 Fax: 201-722-1119 Rap-A-Lot Records P. O. Box 924190 Houston, TX 77292 Phone: 713-335-1600 Rounder Records 1 Camp St. Cambridge, MA 02140 Slip-N-Slide Records Keith Hamilton 99 Miami Gardens Dr. , Suite 128 Miami, FL 33169 Phone: 305-770-077 So So Def Recordings 685 Lambert Dr. Atlant a, GA 30324 Phone: 404-888-9900 Fax: 404-888-9901 Soundbwoy Entertainment Lancelot 2221 N. E. 164th, Suite 255 North Miami Beach, FL 33160 Phone: 305-769-9700 Fax: 305-769-6990 T-Luv Management 3018 Gary Drive St.Louis, MO 63121 Phone: 314-385-1848 Fax: 314-383-2393 Untouchables Entertainment Group 100 Piermont Rd. Closter, NJ 07624 Phone: 201-767-6924 Fax: 201-784-3879 Warner/Chappell Music Latin Division 763 Collins Ave. , Suite 301 Miami, FL 33139 Phone: 305-534-1010 Fax: 305-534-1082 Wish Recordings Ian Burke PMB 145, 541 10th St. Atlanta, GA 33018 Phone: 404-627-8329 Wright Stuff Records Donna Wright P. O. Box 2600 Windmere, LF 34786 Phone: 407-291-8333 ext 1 Fax: 407-291-6946 Voice: 800-222-6000 wrightstuffmanagement. com Worldwide Entertainment Kevin Wales Atlanta, GA 404-760-0599 Go To TopAdministration Login Copyright  © 2012